Vertical farming is a new farming method that cultivates crops vertically in layers, usually in indoor controlled systems. The technique uses technology in the form of hydroponics, aeroponics, and aquaponics to cultivate plants in the absence of soil but with highly controlled water, nutrients, and light. Verticalizing farming allows for optimal use of space and production of crops throughout the year, something highly suitable for urban centers where land is scarce.
As opposed to traditional agriculture, vertical farms do not rely on seasonal fluctuations or vast areas of arable land. Controlled environments minimize the use of herbicides and pesticides, enhance the speed of plant development, and permit more water-efficient use, in some cases reducing water consumption by as much as 90% over conventional agriculture. LED lighting and climate control systems provide the best conditions for photosynthesis and development.
Vertical farming also tackles key global problems, such as food security, urbanization, and climate change. Through the production of fresh produce near the city center, it saves on transportation expense and carbon footprint, delivering consumers with cleaner, healthier food. Nations all over the globe, from Singapore to the United States, are making a bet on vertical farms as a green way to feed increasing populations.
In a sense, vertical farming is an agricultural leap of technology—productive, eco-friendly, and responsive to the demands of the 21st century.