The Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) is the seminal international framework agreed upon in December 2022 by 196 nations at the 15th Conference of Parties (COP15) to the Convention on Biological Diversity. Its ambition is to stop and reverse biodiversity loss by 2030 and secure a sustainable future for nature and people alike.
The GBF is centered on four main goals: preventing biodiversity loss, ensuring the sustainable use of natural resources, providing equitable benefit-sharing from genetic resources, and enhancing implementation through financing and technology. It acknowledges the inherent value of biodiversity in supporting life, ecosystems, and sustainable development.
The framework establishes ambitious 2030 goals, such as conserving 30% of the planet’s land, oceans, and freshwater ecosystems, restoring 30% of the degraded ecosystems, and managing pollution. It also tries to limit the impact of climate change on biodiversity and the wild species and ensure that wild species are used sustainably.
Implementation means that every country establishes national targets and action plans in compliance with the GBF. It is recommended that financial institutions invest in nature-positive results. Moreover, the framework focuses on international collaboration, capacity development, and technology transfer.
In general, the GBF sets out a blueprint for worldwide action to preserve biodiversity and achieve a healthy, resilient world for generations to come.